International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 136, Issue 2 , Pages 186-192 , 14 August 2009

Risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after atrial fibrillation diagnosis

  • Ana Ruigómez

      Affiliations

    • Spanish Centre for Pharmacoepidemiological Research (CEIFE), Madrid, Spain
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Spanish Centre for Pharmacoepidemiological Research (CEIFE), Almirante 28, 2°, 28004 Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 91 531 1485; fax: +34 91 531 2871.
  • ,
  • Saga Johansson

      Affiliations

    • AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
    • Section of Preventive Cardiology, Gothenburg University, Sweden
  • ,
  • Mari-Ann Wallander

      Affiliations

    • AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
    • Department of Public Health and Caring Science, Uppsala University, Sweden
  • ,
  • Nils Edvardsson

      Affiliations

    • AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
    • Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • ,
  • Luis Alberto García Rodríguez

      Affiliations

    • Spanish Centre for Pharmacoepidemiological Research (CEIFE), Madrid, Spain

Received 15 October 2007 ,Revised 1 February 2008 ,Accepted 25 April 2008.

References 

  1. Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA. 2001;285:2370–2375
  2. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:2N–9N
  3. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. Jama. 1994;271:840–844
  4. Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:712–719
  5. Benjamin EJ, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1998;98:946–952
  6. Hart RG, Halperin JL, Pearce LA, et al. Lessons from the stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation trials. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:831–838
  7. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Bailey KR, et al. Mortality trends in patients diagnosed with first atrial fibrillation: a 21-year community-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:986–992
  8. Ruigomez A, Johansson S, Wallander MA, Garcia Rodriguez LA. Risk of mortality in a cohort of patients newly diagnosed with chronic atrial fibrillation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2002;2:5
  9. Maisel WH, Stevenson LW. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and rationale for therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:2D–8D
  10. Jick SS, Kaye JA, Vasilakis-Scaramozza C, et al. Validity of the general practice research database. Pharmacotherapy. 2003;23:686–689
  11. Jick H, Jick SS, Derby LE. Validation of information recorded on general practitioner based computerised data resource in the United Kingdom. BMJ. 1991;302:766–768
  12. Lawrenson R, Todd JC, Leydon GM, Williams TJ, Farmer RD. Validation of the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in general practice database studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000;49:591–596
  13. Huerta C, Johansson S, Wallander MA, Garcia Rodriguez LA. Natural history of venous thromboembolism diagnosed in UK primary care. Arch Intern Med. 2006;167:935–943
  14. Meier CR. Seasonal variations in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:2103–2104
  15. Jick H, Derby LE, Gurewich V, Vasilakis C. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug treatment in persons with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Pharmacotherapy. 1996;16:321–326
  16. Jick H, Jick S, Myers MW, Vasilakis C. Risk of acute myocardial infarction and low-dose combined oral contraceptives. Lancet. 1996;347:627–628
  17. Ruigomez A, Johansson S, Wallander MA, Garcia Rodriguez LA. Predictors and prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in general practice in the UK. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2005;5:20
  18. Ruigomez A, Johansson S, Wallander MA, Rodriguez LA. Incidence of chronic atrial fibrillation in general practice and its treatment pattern. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:358–363
  19. Ruigomez A, Garcia Rodriguez LA, Johansson S, Wallander MA, Edvardsson N. Risk of cerebrovascular accident after a first diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol. 2007;30:624–628
  20. Scardi S, Mazzone C, Pandullo C, Goldstein D, Poletti A, Humar F. Lone atrial fibrillation: prognostic differences between paroxysmal and chronic forms after 10 years of follow-up. Am Heart J. 1999;137:686–691
  21. Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, Mathewson FA, Cuddy TE. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. Am J Med. 1995;98:476–484
  22. Wachtell K, Hornestam B, Lehto M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with a history of atrial fibrillation: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:705–711
  23. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, et al. Incidence and mortality risk of congestive heart failure in atrial fibrillation patients: a community-based study over two decades. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:936–941
  24. Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22:983–988
  25. Chugh SS, Blackshear JL, Shen WK, Hammill SC, Gersh BJ. Epidemiology and natural history of atrial fibrillation: clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:371–378
  26. Berjon Reyero J, Olaz Preciado F, de los Arcos Lage E. Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogeny of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Rev Esp Cardiol. 1996;49(Suppl 2):1–7
  27. Miyasaka Y, Barnes ME, Gersh BJ, et al. Time trends of ischemic stroke incidence and mortality in patients diagnosed with first atrial fibrillation in 1980 to 2000: report of a community-based study. Stroke. 2005;36:2362–2366
  28. van Walraven C, Hart RG, Wells GA, et al. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:936–943
  29. Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. Jama. 2001;285:2864–2870
  30. Jahangir A, Lee V, Friedman PA, et al. Long-term progression and outcomes with aging in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: a 30-year follow-up study. Circulation. 2007;115:3050–3056
  31. Petersen P. Thromboembolic complications of atrial fibrillation and their prevention: a review. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65:24C–28C
  32. Atrial fibrillation investigators. Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1449–1457
  33. Hart RG, Pearce LA, Rothbart RM, McAnulty JH, Asinger RW, Halperin JL. Stroke with intermittent atrial fibrillation: incidence and predictors during aspirin therapy. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:183–187
  34. Inoue H, Atarashi H. Risk factors for thromboembolism in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:852–855
  35. Heist EK, Ruskin JN. Atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure: risk factors, mechanisms, and treatment. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;48:256–269
  36. Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, McMurray JJ. A population-based study of the long-term risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/Paisley study. Am J Med. 2002;113:359–364
  37. Onundarson PT, Thorgeirsson G, Jonmundsson E, Sigfusson N, Hardarson T. Chronic atrial fibrillation–epidemiologic features and 14 year follow-up: a case control study. Eur Heart J. 1987;8:521–527
  38. Ridhaa M, Amina AA, Saleha SA, et al. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among acute medical admissions in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract. 2005;14:136–139
  39. Gronefeld GC, Hohnloser SH. Heart failure complicated by atrial fibrillation: mechanistic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2003;8:107–113
  40. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation-executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation). Eur Heart J. 2006;27:1979–2030

 Disclosures: this study was funded by a research grant from AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Sweden. Dr Wallander, Dr Johansson and Dr Edvardsson are employees of AstraZeneca. Dr Ruigómez and Dr García Rodríguez work for CEIFE, which has received research grants from AstraZeneca. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study, and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

PII: S0167-5273(08)00630-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.04.050

International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 136, Issue 2 , Pages 186-192 , 14 August 2009