International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 141, Issue 1 , Pages 32-38 , 14 May 2010

Plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk in heart failure with and without cardiorenal syndrome

Received 13 June 2008 ,Accepted 22 November 2008.

References 

  1. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2009 Update. Circulation. 2009;119:e1–e161
  2. Cleland JG, Khand A, Clark A. The heart failure epidemic: exactly how big is it?. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:623–626
  3. Swedberg K, Cleland J, Dargie H, Drexler H, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update 2005): The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1115–1140
  4. Aaronson KD, Schwartz JS, Chen TM, Wong KL, Goin JE, Mancini DM. Development and prospective validation of a clinical index to predict survival in ambulatory patients referred for cardiac transplant evaluation. Circulation. 1997;95:2660–2667
  5. Pocock SJ, Wang D, Pfeffer MA, et al. Predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:65–75
  6. Gardner RS, Ozalp F, Murday AJ, Robb SD, McDonagh TA. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. A new gold standard in predicting mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:1735–1743
  7. Shah SH, Newby LK. C-reactive protein: a novel marker of cardiovascular risk. Cardiol Rev. 2003;11:169–179
  8. Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:819–823
  9. Jankowska EA, Ponikowska B, Majda J, et al. Hyperuricaemia predicts poor outcome in patients with mild to moderate chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2007;115:151–155
  10. Kuster GM, Tanner H, Printzen G, Suter TM, Mohacsi P, Hess OM. B-type natriuretic peptide for diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure. Swiss Med Wkly. 2002;132:623–628
  11. Wallen T, Landahl S, Hedner T, Nakao K, Saito Y. Brain natriuretic peptide predicts mortality in the elderly. Heart. 1997;77:264–267
  12. Cheng V, Kazanagra R, Garcia A, et al. A rapid bedside test for B-type peptide predicts treatment outcomes in patients admitted for decompensated heart failure: a pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:386–391
  13. Tanner H, Mohacsi P, Fuller-Bicer GA, et al. Cytokine activation and disease progression in patients with stable moderate chronic heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26:622–629
  14. Vasan RS, Beiser A, D'Agostino RB, et al. Plasma homocysteine and risk for congestive heart failure in adults without prior myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2003;289:1251–1257
  15. Lentz SR. Homocysteine and vascular dysfunction. Life Sci. 1997;61:1205–1215
  16. Welch GN, Loscalzo J. Homocysteine and atherothrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1042–1050
  17. Andersson A, Lindgren A, Hultberg B. Effect of thiol oxidation and thiol export from erythrocytes on determination of redox status of homocysteine and other thiols in plasma from healthy subjects and patients with cerebral infarction. Clin Chem. 1995;41:361–366
  18. Jiang X, Yang F, Tan H, et al. Hyperhomocystinemia impairs endothelial function and eNOS activity via PKC activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2515–2521
  19. Bongartz LG, Cramer MJ, Doevendans PA, Joles JA, Braam B. The severe cardiorenal syndrome: ʽGuyton revisited'. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:11–17
  20. Heywood JT. The cardiorenal syndrome: Lessons from the ADHERE database and treatment options. Heart Fail Rev. 2004;9:195–201
  21. McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tonelli M, Armstrong PW. Renal insufficiency and heart failure: prognostic and therapeutic implications from a prospective cohort study. Circulation. 2004;109:1004–1009
  22. Dzau VJ. Renal and circulatory mechanisms in congestive heart failure. Kidney Int. 1987;31:1402–1415
  23. Herrmann W, Schorr H, Purschwitz K, Rassoul F, Richter V. Total homocysteine, vitamin B(12), and total antioxidant status in vegetarians. Clin Chem. 2001;47:1094–1101
  24. Clarke R collaborators. Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2002;288:2015–2022
  25. Pitkin RM. Folate and neural tube defects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:285S–288S
  26. Wollesen F, Brattstrom L, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Berglund L, Berne C. Plasma total homocysteine and cysteine in relation to glomerular filtration rate in diabetes mellitus. Kidney Int. 1999;55:1028–1035
  27. Friedman AN, Bostom AG, Selhub J, Levey AS, Rosenberg IH. The kidney and homocysteine metabolism. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:2181–2189
  28. Heinecke JW, Rosen H, Suzuki LA, Chait A. The role of sulfur-containing amino acids in superoxide production and modification of low density lipoprotein by arterial smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1987;262:10098–10103
  29. Schnyder G, Roffi M, Flammer Y, Pin R, Hess OM. Effect of homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 on clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention: The Swiss Heart study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:973–979
  30. Coats AJ. Ethical authorship and publishing. Int J Cardiol. 2009;131:149–150

PII: S0167-5273(08)01291-6

doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.131

International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 141, Issue 1 , Pages 32-38 , 14 May 2010