International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 134, Issue 1 , Pages 6-8 , 1 May 2009

Clinical implications of the P wave duration and dispersion: Relationship between atrial conduction defects and abnormally prolonged and fractionated atrial endocardial electrograms

Received 4 October 2008 ,Accepted 14 December 2008.

References 

  1. Leier CV, Meacham JA, Schaal SF. Prolonged atrial conduction: a major predisposing factor for the development of atrial flutter. Circulation. 1978;57:213–216
  2. Simpson RJ, Foster JR, Gettes LS. Atrial excitability and conduction in patients with interatrial conduction defects. Am J Cardiol. 1982;50:1331–1337
  3. Cosio FC, Palacios J, Vidal JM, et al. Electrophysiologic studies in atrial fibrillation. Slow conduction of premature impulses: a possible manifestation of the background for reentry. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51:122–130
  4. Hordof AJ, Edie R, Malm JR, et al. Electrophysiologic properties and response to pharmacologic agents of fibers from diseased human atria. Circulation. 1976;54:774–779
  5. Hordof AJ, Spotnitz A, Mary-Rabine L, et al. The cellular electrophysiologic effects of digitalis on human atrial fibers. Circulation. 1978;57:223–229
  6. Gelband H, Bush H, Rosen MR, et al. Electrophysiologic properties of isolated preparations of human atrial myocardium. Circ Res. 1972;30:293–300
  7. Spach MS, Dolber PC. Relating extracellular potentials and their derivatives to anisotropic propagation at microscopic level in human cardiac muscle: evidence for electrical uncoupling of side-to-side fiber connections with increasing age. Circ Res. 1986;58:356–371
  8. Spach MS, Miller WT, Dolber PC, Kootsey JM, Sommer JR, Mosher CE. The functional role of structural complexities in the propagation of depolarization in the atrium of the dog: cardiac conduction disturbances due to discontinuities of effective axial resistivity. Circ Res. 1952;50:175–191
  9. Spach MS, Barr RC, Serwer GA, Kootsey JM, Johnson EA. Extracellular potential related to intracellular action potentials in the dog Purkinje system. Circ Res. 1972;30:505–511
  10. Josephson ME, Kastor IA, Morganroth I. Electrocardiographic left atrial enlargement: electrophysiologic, echocardiographic and hemodynamic correlates. Am J Cardiol. 1977;39:967–971
  11. Centurion OA, Isomoto S, Fukatani M, et al. Relationship between atrial conduction defects and fractionated atrial endocardial electrograms in patients with sick sinus syndrome. PACE. 1993;16:2022–2033
  12. Centurion OA, Fukatani M, Konoe A, et al. Different distribution of abnormal endocardial electrograms within the right atrium in patients with sick sinus syndrome. Br Heart J. 1992;68:596–600
  13. Centurion OA, Shimizu A, Isomoto S, et al. Repetitive atrial firing and fragmented atrial activity elicited by extrastimuli in the sick sinus syndrome with and without abnormal atrial electrograms. Am J Med Sci. 1994;307:247–254
  14. Centurion OA, Fukatani M, Konoe A, et al. Electrophysiological abnormalities of the atrial muscle in patients with sinus node dysfunction without tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol. 1992;37:41–50
  15. Ariyarajah V, Frisella ME, Spodick DH. Incremental prevalence of fractionated and inhomogeneous propagation of sinus impulses with increasing atrial depolarization abnormality among outpatients. Int J Cardiol. 2008;127:368–371
  16. Centurión OA, Shimizu A, Isomoto S, Konoe A. Mechanisms for the genesis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: intrinsic atrial muscle vulnerability vs. electrophysiological properties of the accessory pathway. Europace. 2008;10:294–302
  17. Shimizu A, Centurión OA. Electrophysiological properties of the human atrium in atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;54:302–314
  18. Centurión OA, Shimizu A, Isomoto S, et al. Influence of advancing age on fractionated right atrial endocardial electrograms. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:239–242
  19. Lesch MD, Spear JF, Simsom MB. A computer model of the electrogram: what causes fractionation?. J Electrocardiol. 1988;21:S69–S73
  20. Davis MJ, Pomerance A. Pathology of atrial fibrillation in man. Br Heart J. 1972;34:520–525
  21. Kaplan BM, Langendorf R, Lev M, Pick A. Tachycardia–bradycardia syndrome (so-called sick sinus syndrome): pathology, mechanisms, and treatment. Am J Cardiol. 1973;31:497–505
  22. Mary-Rabine L, Albert A, Hordof A, et al. The relationship of human atrial cellular electrophysiology to clinical function and ultrastructnre. Circ Res. 1983;52:188–199
  23. Coats AJ. Ethical authorship and publishing. Int J Cardiol. 2009;131:149–150

PII: S0167-5273(08)01512-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.12.072

International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 134, Issue 1 , Pages 6-8 , 1 May 2009