International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 143, Issue 2 , Pages 119-123 , 20 August 2010

The impact of novel exercise criteria and indices for the diagnostic and prognostic ability of exercise testing

Received 11 October 2009 ,Revised 1 January 2010 ,Accepted 14 February 2010.

References 

  1. Kligfield P, Ameisen O, Okin PM. Heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression for improved detection of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1989;79:245–255
  2. Egloff C, Merola P, Schiavon C, et al. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of Q wave, QX/QT ratio, QTc interval and ST depression during exercise testing in men with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:1006–1008
  3. Michaelides AP, Triposkiadis FK, Boudoulas H, et al. New coronary artery disease index based on exercise-induced QRS changes. Am Heart J. 1990;120(2):292–302
  4. Famularo MA, Paliwal Y, Redd R, Ellestad MH. Identification of septal ischemia during exercise by Q-wave analysis: correlation with coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51(3):440–443
  5. David D, Naito M, Michelson E, et al. Intramyocardial conduction: a major determinant of R-wave amplitude during acute myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 1982;65(1):161–167
  6. Glazier JJ, Chierchia S, Margonato A, Maseri A. Increase in S-wave amplitude during ischemic ST-segment depression in stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(15):1295–1299
  7. Michaelides A, Ryan JM, Bacon JP, Pozderac R, Toutouzas P, Boudoulas H. Exercise-induced QRS changes (Athens QRS score) in patients with coronary artery disease: a marker of myocardial ischemia. J Cardiol. 1995;26(5):263–272
  8. Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Andrikopoulos GK, et al. A QRS score versus ST-segment changes during exercise testing: which is the most reliable ischaemic marker after myocardial revascularisation?. Coron Artery Dis. 2003;14(8):527–532
  9. Desmet W, De Scheerder I, Piessens J. Limited value of exercise testing in the detection of silent restenosis after successful coronary angioplasty. Am Heart J. 1995;129:452–459
  10. Grant RP, Dodge HT. Mechanisms of QRS complex prolongation in man; left ventricular conduction disturbances. Am J Med. 1956;20(6):834–852
  11. Dodge HT, Grant RP. Mechanisms of QRS complex prolongation in man; right ventricular conduction defects. Am J Med. 1956;21(4):534–550
  12. Michaelides AP, Boudoulas H, Vyssoulis GP, Skouros C, Toutouzas PK. Exercise-induced S-wave prolongation in left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70(18):1407–1411
  13. Gianrossi R, Detrano R, Mulvihill D, et al. Exercise-induced ST depression in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis. Circulation. 1989;80:87–97
  14. Chanine RA, Raizner AE, Ishimori T. The clinical significance of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. Circulation. 1976;54:209–218
  15. Ellestad MH. Predictive implications in stress testing. Principles and practice. 4th ed.. Philadephia: F. A. Davis; 1996;330–333
  16. Chahine RA, Lowery MH, Bauerlein EJ. Interpretation of the exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:100–102
  17. Halon D, Mevorach D, Rodeanu M, Lewis B. Improved criteria for localization of coronary artery disease from the exercise electrocardiogram. Cardiology. 1994;84:331–338
  18. Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Richter DJ, et al. Significance of exercise-induced simultaneous ST-segment changes in lead aVR and V5. Int J Cardiol. 1999;71(1):49–56
  19. Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Ricther DJ, et al. Exercise-induced ST-segment changes in lead V1 identify the significantly narrowed coronary artery in patients with single-vessel disease. J Electrocardiol. 1999;32:7–13
  20. Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Aigyptiadou MN, et al. Significance of exercise-induced ST changes in leads aVR, V5, and V1. Discrimination of patients with single- or multivessel coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol. 2003;26(5):226–230
  21. Braat SH, Brugada P, den Dulk K, van Ommen V, Wellens HJ. Value of lead V4R for recognition of the infarct coronary artery in acute inferior myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:1538–1541
  22. Chouhan L, Krone RJ, Keller A, Eisenkramer G. Utility of lead V4R in exercise testing for detection of coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:938–939
  23. Michaelides AP, Psomadaki ZD, Dilaveris PE, et al. Improved detection of coronary artery disease by exercise electrocardiography with the use of right precordial leads. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(5):340–345
  24. Michaelides AP, Fourlas CA, Andrikopoulos GK, et al. Role of right-sided chest leads in the detection of multivessel coronary artery disease in patients with extended Q-wave anterior myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis. 2006;17(2):165–171
  25. Michaelides A, Tousoulis D, Liakos C, et al. The significance of right-sided chest leads in exercise testing for the detection of right ventricular dysfunction post myocardial infarction of the inferior wall. Int J Cardiol 2009 (In Press).
  26. Michaelides AP, Liakos CI, Raftopoulos LG, et al. Electrocardiographic criteria for detecting coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients with ST-segment changes during exercise testing. J Electrocardiol. 2009;42(5):405–409
  27. Morise AP, Diamond GA. Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of exercise electrocardiography in biased and unbiased populations of men and women. Am Heart J. 1995;130:741–747
  28. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (committee to update the 1997 exercise testing guidelines). ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (committee to update the 1997 exercise testing guidelines). Circulation. 2002;106:1883–1892
  29. Michaelides AP, Fourlas CA, Chatzistamatiou EI, et al. QRS score improves diagnostic ability of treadmill exercise testing in women. Coron Artery Dis. 2007;18(4):313–318
  30. Lauer MS. Exercise electrocardiogram testing and prognosis: novel markers and predictive instruments. Cardiol Clin. 2001;19:401–414
  31. Morris CK, Myers J, Froelicher VF, Kawaguchi T, Ueshima K, Hideg A. Nomogram based on metabolic equivalents and age for assessing aerobic exercise capacity in men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:175–182
  32. Mark DB, Hlatky MA, Harrell FE, Lee KL, Calliff RM, Pryor DB. Exercise treadmill score for predicting prognosis in coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:783–800
  33. Mark DB, Shaw L, Harrell FE, et al. Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:849–853
  34. Michaelides AP, Aigyptiadou MN, Andrikopoulos GK, et al. The prognostic value of a QRS score during exercise testing. Clin Cardiol. 2005;28(8):375–380
  35. Michaelides AP, Andrikopoulos GK, Antoniades C, et al. Duration of treadmill exercise testing combined with QRS score predicts adverse cardiac outcome at long-term follow-up. Coron Artery Dis. 2009;20(5):337–342
  36. Rywik TM, O'Connor FC, Gittings NS, Wright JG, Khan AA, Fleg JL. Role of nondiagnostic exercise-induced ST-segment abnormalities in predicting future coronary events in asymptomatic volunteers. Circulation. 2002;106:2787–2792
  37. Weiner DA, Ryan TJ, McCabe CH, et al. Prognostic importance of a clinical profile and exercise test in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984;3:772–779
  38. Morrow K, Morris CK, Froelicher VF, et al. Prediction of cardiovascular death in men undergoing noninvasive evaluation for coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:689–695
  39. Coats AJ. Ethical authorship and publishing. Int J Cardiol. 2009;131:149–150

PII: S0167-5273(10)00100-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.02.033

International Journal of Cardiology
Volume 143, Issue 2 , Pages 119-123 , 20 August 2010