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Improved fitness as a measure of success of cardiac rehabilitation: Do those who get fitter live longer?

Published:January 03, 2012DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.044
      Cardiac rehabilitation programs are multifaceted interventions that focus primarily on exercise training and are designed to optimize physical, psychological, and social functioning in a broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular disease [
      • Wenger N.K.
      Current status of cardiac rehabilitation.
      ]. In large studies and meta-analyses of patients with coronary artery disease, cardiac rehabilitation has been demonstrated to reduce the rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality [
      • Heran B.S.
      • Chen J.M.
      • Ebrahim S.
      • et al.
      Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.
      ,
      • Hammill B.G.
      • Curtis L.H.
      • Schulman K.A.
      • Whellan D.J.
      Relationship between cardiac rehabilitation and long-term risks of death and myocardial infarction among elderly Medicare beneficiaries.
      ,
      • Clark A.M.
      • Hartling L.
      • Vandermeer B.
      • McAlister F.A.
      Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease.
      ,
      • Suaya J.A.
      • Stason W.B.
      • Ades P.A.
      • Normand S.L.
      • Shepard D.S.
      Cardiac rehabilitation and survival in older coronary patients.
      ,
      • Taylor R.S.
      • Brown A.
      • Ebrahim S.
      • et al.
      Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
      ,
      • Lawler P.R.
      • Filion K.B.
      • Eisenberg M.J.
      Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
      ]. As a result, it is widely promoted by various health care organizations and is strongly advocated by position statements all over the world [
      • Wenger N.K.
      • Froelicher E.S.
      • Smith L.K.
      • et al.
      Cardiac rehabilitation as secondary prevention. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
      ,
      • Phurrough S.
      • Salive M.
      • Baldwin J.
      • McClain S.
      • Schott L.
      • Chin J.
      Decision Memo for Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs (CAG–00089R). Baltimore Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
      ,
      • Goble A.J.
      • Worcester M.
      Best practice guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention.
      ,
      • New Zealand Guidelines Group
      ,
      • Stone J.A.
      • Arthur H.M.
      Canadian guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation and cardiovascular disease prevention, second edition, 2004: executive summary.
      ,
      • Grace S.L.
      • Chessex C.
      • Arthur H.
      • et al.
      Systematizing inpatient referral to cardiac rehabilitation 2010: Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Canadian Cardiovascular Society joint position paper endorsed by the Cardiac Care Network of Ontario.
      ,
      • Piepoli M.F.
      • Corra U.
      • Benzer W.
      • et al.
      Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: from knowledge to implementation. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.
      ,
      • Leon A.S.
      • Franklin B.A.
      • Costa F.
      • et al.
      Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity), in collaboration with the American association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.
      ].

      Keywords

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