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]. During the 13th century, the genial mathematician Leonardo Bonacci, better known
as Fibonacci, described in the Liber Abaci his famous sequence, in which the ratio
of every consecutive number approximates the value of 1.618 [
]. From this sequence it is possible to generate a spiral that is inscribed in a rectangle
made of squares with the sides obtained from the same sequence (Fig. 1a ). The Fibonacci spiral with its sequence is a structure that is worldwide present:
sunflowers, pinecones, shells, stars, phyllotaxis of leaves and geometric figures
such as the regular hexagon and pentagon that can be cut into squares and smaller
rectangles and triangles with the same aspect ratio [
A Fibonacci spiral is composed of quarter-circle arcs inscribed in squares of integer
Fibonacci-number side, shown for square sizes 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 (Fig. 1a).
The figure shows the fascinating symmetry of the aortic valve that ultimately can
be represented by six Fibonacci spirals inscribed in regular hexagon that includes
golden pentagons, squares, rectangles and triangles with the same aspect ratio of
1.618 (Fig. 1m).