Abstract
Background
Dietary guidelines are a key tool in the public health quiver. Single nutrients have
been linked to cardiovascular diseases, but existing metrics do not capture the overall
effect of diet on inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the
association between dietary inflammatory potential and cardiovascular diseases risk
factors (CVD-RFs) in a nationally-representative sample of non-institutionalized US
adults using data from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) (2007-2012).
Methods and results
A sample of 7880 non-institutionalized US adults aged ≥20 years provided data on dietary habits and CVD-RFs (obesity; diabetes mellitus; hypertension;
hypercholesterolemia). The total number of CVD-RFs was summed for each individual
to create a CVD-RF morbidity index (range 0-4) as the outcome variable, used both
as ordinal and dichotomous (no CVD-RFs versus at least one CVD-RF) variables. The
association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and at least one CVD-RF was
dose-dependent, with participants in the 3rd and 4th quartile of DII (i.e., more pro-inflammatory
dietary habits) being 1.37 (95%CI = 1.11-1.68) and 1.50 (95%CI = 1.19-1.90) times more likely, respectively, to have at least one CVD-RF, as compared
to participants in the 1st quartile of DII scores. Similar results were obtained for
the ordinal logistic regression using the CVD-RF morbidity index as the outcome.
Conclusions
Among US adults aged ≥20 years, pro-inflammatory dietary patterns, as assessed by the DII, were associated
with increased odds for CVD-RFs. Dietary guidelines aimed at lowering the DII may
reduce the CVD-RF burden in US adults.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 01, 2017
Accepted:
April 30,
2017
Received in revised form:
January 31,
2017
Received:
October 13,
2016
Identification
Copyright
© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
